Keppra and Keppra XR

Introduction

Keppra (Levetiracetam) is an anticonvulsant medication aimed at reducing the frequency and severity of your pet’s seizures. While it is unlikely to make a pet completely seizure-free, Keppra is favored for its safety and minimal side effects. However, studies suggest that it may be less effective than other medications, such as Phenobarbital.

Skeletal formula of Keppra

Missed doses and Changing medications

It is very important to give this medication on schedule. Make a note of when you need refills, and try to get them as early as is practical. Set a timer on your watch or phone to help remind you to give the medication on schedule. It is okay to be an hour late or an hour early, but consistent timing is important. Regular Keppra is given three times a day, and Keppra XR/ER (Extended Release) is given twice a day with food. This medication will also occasionally be used as “burst therapy,” which means we start the medication after a seizure and then give it every 8 hours until no seizures have happened for 24 hours.

If you miss a single dose of Keppra, give it as soon as you remember, even if it is time for the next dose. Stopping this medication suddenly can cause seizures.

In general, seizure medications should be tapered before stopping. Exceptions to this include pets on very short courses of medications, and pets experiencing dangerous side effects. As always, please contact your medical team before making changes to your pet’s medication.

Monitoring and Lab work

Regular vet visits are important while on Keppra. We recommend visits a minimum of twice a year to discuss how your pet is doing. We may also check this level if your pet is not doing well.

Potential Side effects

Many pets will take this medication with no side effects. You should contact your medical team if any side effect is excessive and interfering with you or your pet’s quality of life.

The following side effects have been reported:

This medication may cause sedation or hyperactivity.
Uncommonly it can cause loss of appetite or vomiting.
Dogs on the extended release version of the medication may pass what are called “Ghost Pills.” Don’t be concerned if this happens. Your pet has gotten the medication, the thing they are passing is just the leftover inactive parts of the pill.
For some pets, Keppra will stop working in 6-8 months. This is called the “Honeymoon Effect.” If you are concerned that your pet’s medication is no longer controlling their seizures, please contact the medical team.